Modified Rankin Scale
The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) is a commonly used scale for measuring the degree of disability or dependence in the daily activities of people who have suffered a stroke, and it has become the most widely used clinical outcome measure for stroke clinical trials. It was originally introduced in 1957 by Rankin,[1] and first modified to its currently accepted form by Prof. C. Warlow's group at Western General Hospital in Edinburgh for use in the UK-TIA study in the late 1980s.[2] The first publication of the current modified Rankin Scale was in 1988 by van Swieten, et al., who also published the first interobserver agreement analysis of the modified Rankin Scale.[3] Interobserver reliability of the mRS can be improved by using a structured questionnaire during the interview process[4][5] and by having raters undergo a multimedia training process.[6] The multimedia mRS training system developed by Prof. K. Lees' group at the University of Glasgow is available online.
The Modified Rankin Scale (mRS)
The scale runs from 0-6, running from perfect health without symptoms to death.
- 0 - No symptoms.
- 1 - No significant disability. Able to carry out all usual activities, despite some symptoms.
- 2 - Slight disability. Able to look after own affairs without assistance, but unable to carry out all previous activities.
- 3 - Moderate disability. Requires some help, but able to walk unassisted.
- 4 - Moderately severe disability. Unable to attend to own bodily needs without assistance, and unable to walk unassisted.
- 5 - Severe disability. Requires constant nursing care and attention, bedridden, incontinent.
- 6 - Dead.
See also
References
- ^ Rankin J (May 1957). "Cerebral vascular accidents in patients over the age of 60. II. Prognosis". Scott Med J 2 (5): 200–15. PMID 13432835.
- ^ Farrell B, Godwin J, Richards S, Warlow C, et al. (1991). "The United Kingdom transient ischaemic attack (UK-TIA) aspirin trial: final results.". J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 54 (12): 1044–1054. doi:10.1136/jnnp.54.12.1044. PMC 1014676. PMID 1783914. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1014676.
- ^ van Swieten J, Koudstaal P, Visser M, Schouten H, et al. (1988). "Interobserver agreement for the assessment of handicap in stroke patients.". Stroke 19 (5): 604–607. PMID 3363593.
- ^ Wilson JL, Hareendran A, Grant M, et al. (2002). "Improving the Assessment of Outcomes in Stroke: Use of a Structured Interview to Assign Grades on the Modified Rankin Scale.". Stroke 33 (9): 2243–2246. doi:10.1161/01.STR.0000027437.22450.BD. PMID 12215594.
- ^ Wilson JL, Hareendran A, Hendry A, et al. (2005). "Reliability of the Modified Rankin Scale Across Multiple Raters: Benefits of a Structured Interview.". Stroke 36 (4): 777–781. doi:10.1161/01.STR.0000157596.13234.95. PMID 15718510.
- ^ Quinn TJ, Lees KR, Hardemark HG, et al. (2007). "Initial experience of a digital training resource for modified Rankin scale assessment in clinical trials.". Stroke 38 (8): 2257–2261. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.106.480723. PMID 17600236.